ScienceDaily: Top News

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• As seen by Rosetta: Comet surface variations
• New study takes the shine off magpie folklore
• Depression often untreated in Parkinson's disease
• Visual exposure predicts infants' ability to follow another's gaze
• Advances in understanding of preterm birth
• Do gut bacteria rule our minds? In an ecosystem within us, microbes evolved to sway food choices
• Researchers develop defense against cyberattacks
• The beetle's white album: Beetle shells could inspire brighter, whiter coatings and materials
• Experts close to perfect in determining truth in interrogations using active question methods
• New analysis links tree height to climate
• Antibodies together with viral 'inducers' found to control HIV in mice
• Novel lung-on-a-chip developed
• New frontiers in fecal microbiota transplantation

As seen by Rosetta: Comet surface variations Posted: 16 Aug 2014 10:21 AM PDT A new image of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko shows the diversity of surface structures on the comet's nucleus. It was taken by the Rosetta spacecraft's OSIRIS narrow-angle camera on August 7, 2014. At the time, the spacecraft was 65 miles (104 kilometers) away from the 2.5-mile-wide (4-kilometer) nucleus.

New study takes the shine off magpie folklore Posted: 15 Aug 2014 04:59 PM PDT Magpies are not attracted to shiny objects and don't routinely steal small trinkets such as jewelry, according to a new study. In European culture, it is widely accepted that magpies (Pica pica) are the pilferers of the bird kingdom, unconditionally attracted to sparkly things and prone to pinching them for their nests, almost as a compulsion.

Depression often untreated in Parkinson's disease Posted: 15 Aug 2014 04:26 PM PDT Depression is known to be a common symptom of Parkinson's disease, but remains untreated for many patients, according to a new study. In fact, depression is the most prevalent non-motor symptom of Parkinson's, a chronic neurodegenerative disorder typically associated with movement dysfunction. Among those with high levels of depressive symptoms, only one-third had been prescribed antidepressants before the study began, and even fewer saw social workers or mental health professionals for counseling.

Visual exposure predicts infants' ability to follow another's gaze Posted: 15 Aug 2014 04:25 PM PDT Following another person's gaze can reveal a wealth of information critical to social interactions and also to safety. Gaze following typically emerges in infancy, and new research looking at preterm infants suggests that it's visual experience, not maturational age, that underlies this critical ability.

Advances in understanding of preterm birth Posted: 15 Aug 2014 04:22 PM PDT Medical researchers have authored a major article about the most important problem in obstetrics: preterm labor. The article delivers a powerful message: preterm birth is not one condition, but many, and provides a framework for meeting this challenge.

Do gut bacteria rule our minds? In an ecosystem within us, microbes evolved to sway food choices Posted: 15 Aug 2014 04:22 PM PDT It sounds like science fiction, but it seems that bacteria within us -- which outnumber our own cells about 100-fold -- may very well be affecting both our cravings and moods to get us to eat what they want, and often are driving us toward obesity.

Researchers develop defense against cyberattacks Posted: 15 Aug 2014 07:23 AM PDT A group of journalists has reported the existence of the 'Hacienda' spy program. According to this report, five western intelligence agencies are using the Hacienda software to identify vulnerable servers across the world in order to control them and use them for their own purposes. Scientists have now developed free software that can help prevent this kind of identification and thus the subsequent capture of systems.

The beetle's white album: Beetle shells could inspire brighter, whiter coatings and materials Posted: 15 Aug 2014 07:22 AM PDT The physical properties of the ultra-white scales on certain species of beetle could be used to make whiter paper, plastics and paints, while using far less material than is used in current manufacturing methods.

Experts close to perfect in determining truth in interrogations using active question methods Posted: 15 Aug 2014 07:22 AM PDT Determining deception is a tool of the trade for law enforcement. But prior research has shown that lie detecting is a 50/50 shot for experts and non-experts alike. So what exactly can we do to find out the truth? A recent study found that using active questioning of individuals yielded near-perfect results, 97.8 percent, in detecting deception.

New analysis links tree height to climate Posted: 14 Aug 2014 04:13 PM PDT What limits the height of trees? Is it the fraction of their photosynthetic energy they devote to productive new leaves? Or is it their ability to hoist water hundreds of feet into the air, supplying the green, solar-powered sugar factories in those leaves? A new paper attempts to resolve a debate as to which factors actually set maximum tree height, and how their relative importance varies in different parts of the world.

Antibodies together with viral 'inducers' found to control HIV in mice Posted: 14 Aug 2014 04:12 PM PDT Although HIV can now be effectively suppressed using anti-retroviral drugs, it still comes surging back the moment the flow of drugs is stopped. Latent reservoirs of HIV-infected cells, invisible to the body's immune system and unreachable by pharmaceuticals, ensure that the infection will rebound after therapy is terminated.

Novel lung-on-a-chip developed Posted: 14 Aug 2014 04:12 PM PDT A new lung-on-chip microdevice for laboratory studies of respiratory challenges and therapeutics has been developed by scientists. The microdevice includes multiple vertically stacked cellular layers that mimic the structure of the airway tissue. The cellular model of the airway mucosa could provide insight into biological and pathophysiological effects that conventional cell cultures or animal models do not capture, and help lead to the development of new therapeutics.

New frontiers in fecal microbiota transplantation Posted: 14 Aug 2014 09:45 AM PDT Fecal microbiota transplantation is one of the most innovative new treatments of the 21st century. New research highlights significant advances in this field, and confirms the promise of FMT to advance our understanding of GI disease and aid in the development of new microbiome-based therapeutics to treat a broad range of GI disorders.

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